Section Overview
Section Number
IPC Section 193
Section Title
Punishment for False Evidence
Act
Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC)
Status
Active under IPC framework (conceptually continued under Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023)
Applicability
IPC Section 193 applies when:
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A person gives false evidence (as defined under Section 191), OR
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A person fabricates false evidence (as defined under Section 192), AND
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Such act is done in a judicial proceeding or legally required statement
It applies in:
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Court testimony
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Affidavits
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Witness statements
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Judicial inquiries
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Any legally bound declaration
Section Explanation
Simple Explanation (Plain English/Hinglish)
IPC Section 193 ka matlab hai:
Agar koi person court ya legal authority ke samne jaanbujhkar jhooth bolta hai ya jhootha evidence banata hai, to usko punishment milti hai.
👉 Simple words:
Court mein jhooth bolna ya jhootha proof banana crime hai.
Example:
Agar witness jaanbujhkar false statement deta hai ya fake documents submit karta hai, to Section 193 apply hota hai.
Legal Definition
“Whoever intentionally gives false evidence in any stage of judicial proceedings, or fabricates false evidence for the purpose of being used in any stage of judicial proceedings…”
Practical Interpretation
Section 193 ensures:
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Court ko sach milta rahe
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Evidence reliable ho
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Justice system manipulate na ho
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Witnesses truthful rahen
Ye Sections 191 & 192 ka punishment provision hai.
Punishment & Legal Classification
Punishment
Judicial Proceedings
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Up to 7 years imprisonment + fine
Other Cases
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Up to 3 years imprisonment + fine
Bailable / Non-Bailable
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Generally Non-Bailable
Cognizable / Non-Cognizable
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Cognizable offence
Compoundable
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Non-Compoundable
Triable By
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Magistrate or Sessions Court (depending on case nature)
IPC ↔ BNS Mapping
IPC Section
IPC Section 193
BNS Equivalent
Concept retained under Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita provisions relating to:
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False evidence
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Perjury
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Fabrication of judicial evidence
Status
Conceptually continued
Real-Life Examples
Example 1: False Witness Statement
A witness deliberately lies in a murder trial.
👉 Section 193 applies
Example 2: Fake Affidavit
A person submits false income details in court affidavit.
👉 Section 193 applies
Example 3: Fabricated Documents
A party submits forged ownership papers in court.
👉 Section 193 applies
Landmark Judgments
Case 1: CBI v. H.C. Bhatia
Court: Supreme Court
Key Takeaway: False evidence directly affects justice delivery and must be strictly punished.
Case 2: M.S. Ahlawat v. State of Haryana
Court: Supreme Court
Key Takeaway: Truthfulness in judicial proceedings is essential for justice system integrity.
Case 3: Chajoo Ram v. Radhey Shyam
Court: Supreme Court
Key Takeaway: Perjury undermines credibility of courts and must be dealt with strictly.
Legal Insights
When Applied
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False testimony in court
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Fake affidavits
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Fabricated evidence
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Misleading investigation
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Judicial manipulation
Common Misuse Scenarios
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Memory errors mistaken as lies
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Conflicting statements
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Lack of intent
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Procedural mistakes
Defenses Available
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No intent to lie
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Genuine belief of truth
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Lack of legal oath
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Clerical error
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Insufficient evidence